Search engines treat a backlink as a vote of confidence. A link from a high-authority, topically-relevant site is worth more than a link from a low-quality directory, and one editorially-placed link often outweighs dozens of forum comments.
The rel attribute matters: rel="nofollow", rel="ugc", and rel="sponsored" tell Google to pass reduced or no ranking signal. Plain links pass full equity.
Buying backlinks violates Google's guidelines and can trigger manual penalties. Sustainable link building comes from creating link-worthy assets — original data, tools, guides — and doing polite outreach.