A URL slug is the readable part of a URL after the domain — the 'how-to-compress-pdf' in example.com/blog/how-to-compress-pdf.
Also called: permalink · url path
Slugs should be lowercase, use hyphens between words, exclude stop words when possible, and contain the primary keyword. Search engines and humans both use them as a strong hint about page content.
Avoid dates and IDs unless they add value (news sites benefit; product pages usually don't). Keep slugs short — 3–6 words is a good target.
Once a slug ranks, don't change it lightly. If you must, set up a 301 redirect from the old URL so link equity carries over.
A canonical URL is the single, preferred web address for a page — declared with a <link rel="canonical"> tag so search engines consolidate ranking signals on one version.
A meta description is a short HTML tag that summarises a page — Google often uses it as the grey snippet under the blue link on the search results page.
Open Graph is a set of <meta property="og:…"> tags, invented by Facebook, that control how your page looks when someone shares the link on social media or chat apps.
Schema markup is structured data — usually JSON-LD in a <script> tag — that describes a page's contents in schema.org vocabulary so search engines can render rich results.